The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) divides network communication into seven layers — from physical hardware (Layer 1) up to application software (Layer 7). Each layer handles a specific function, such as data routing, session management, or encryption. MSP technicians use the OSI model to systematically troubleshoot network issues and map how devices interact […]
Read MoreOOBM
Out-of-Band Management (OOBM) refers to the practice of managing and accessing a device (such as a server, network switch, or storage device) through a dedicated, separate management channel, independent of the device’s main network connection. This allows administrators to manage the device even if the primary network or operating system is unavailable, disconnected, or not […]
Read MoreOneNote
Microsoft OneNote is an application (app) that is a digital notebook. It can serve as a central hub for organizing notes, research, plans, and information. It can imitate the structure of a physical notebook with sections and pages Learn more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OneNote
Read MoreOneDrive
Microsoft OneDrive is a cloud storage service that allows users to store, access, and share files from anywhere, syncing them across devices and enabling offline access. It is very useful for remote work. Learn more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OneDrive
Read MoreNVD
The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is a comprehensive repository maintained by the U.S. government that provides detailed information on publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities. It includes data such as vulnerability descriptions, severity scores, and potential impacts, offering resources to help organizations assess and address security risks. The NVD is closely linked to the Common Vulnerabilities and […]
Read MoreNTP
NTP (Network Time Protocol) ensures all systems on a network maintain accurate and consistent time. It synchronizes clocks between servers, routers, and workstations using hierarchical time sources, often connected to atomic clocks or GPS. Accurate timekeeping is vital for event logging, authentication, and cybersecurity monitoring — especially for MSPs managing distributed environments. Learn more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol
Read MoreNSA
The National Security Agency is a national-level intelligence agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. Its primary mission is to protect U.S. government communications and information systems from cyber threats and to collect, analyze, and disseminate foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) for national security and foreign policy purposes. Learn more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA
Read MoreNIST
National Institute of Standards and Technologies Learn more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST
Read MoreNIPS
A Network-Based Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) is a security solution that monitors and analyzes network traffic in real time to detect and block cyber threats before they reach endpoints or critical systems. NIPS helps businesses secure their networks by proactively stopping cyber threats before they can cause damage. Examples: Cisco Firepower, Palo Alto Networks, Snort […]
Read MoreNGFW
A Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) is an advanced type of firewall that goes beyond traditional firewall capabilities by integrating additional security features to provide more comprehensive protection. NGFWs combine traditional firewall functions (like packet filtering and stateful inspection) with advanced features such as intrusion prevention systems (IPS), application awareness, deep packet inspection (DPI), and user identity […]
Read More