Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) is a network security feature that prevents ARP spoofing attacks by validating ARP packets against a trusted database before allowing them to pass through the network. It works by cross-checking ARP requests and replies with the DHCP Snooping binding table, ensuring that only legitimate MAC-to-IP mappings are used. DAI is applied […]

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a standardized system for identifying and cataloging publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Each vulnerability is assigned a unique CVE identifier (CVE ID) that allows it to be consistently referenced across different platforms, tools, and security databases. CVE helps organizations stay informed about known security issues, facilitating timely patches and responses […]

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the strategies, technologies, and tools businesses use to manage interactions with customers, streamline processes, and improve relationships. A CRM system helps businesses track customer interactions, manage sales pipelines, automate marketing, and enhance customer service. Key benefits of CRM include centralized customer data, improved communication, better sales forecasting, and enhanced […]

Corrective controls are security measures designed to correct or mitigate the effects of a security incident or breach after it has been detected. These controls help organizations recover from security events by restoring systems, processes, or operations to normal functioning. Corrective controls are typically implemented after the fact to minimize the impact of an attack, […]

Compensating controls are security measures or practices that are put in place to satisfy the requirement of a primary control that cannot be implemented due to certain constraints (e.g., technical limitations, cost, complexity, or lack of resources). They serve as an alternative to the original control, effectively reducing risk in a similar way. Compensating controls […]

A cold site is a backup facility with basic infrastructure (power, cooling, and network connectivity) but no pre-installed hardware, software, or data. In the event of a disaster, businesses must bring in equipment and restore data before resuming operations, making it the slowest and least expensive disaster recovery option. Best for businesses that can afford […]

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT) is a framework created by ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) that provides a comprehensive governance and management structure for enterprise IT. COBIT helps organizations ensure effective management and control of information technology by offering a set of best practices, principles, and guidelines for IT governance […]